Geography Revision and Extended Research

  ( Source )  Study the diagram above and state the two circulation cells that meet at latitudes of 30 degrees North and South of the Equator.         [ 2 marks ] State - express in clear terms  So first of all look for the two command words. Actually look at the diagram, identify where the 30 degree latitude lines. Latitude lines are the ones that go horizontal.  Then write down the two cells that meet at the 30 degree line of latitude. These are Hadley  and Ferrell cells . Note that there are two answers for two marks.  Too easy for you? How about this one? Explain how global atmospheric circulation contributes towards distinctive weather and climate patterns.                                     [ 4 marks ] Explain - set out purposes or reasons So, first of all you need to know something a...

First of all, what is a pilgrimage? Pilgrimage - Wikipedia defines it as "...a journey, often into a unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life." We know that people are joining the queue to see the coffin of the Queen for many reasons and some have come from other countries.   ( Source ) The Queue or #thequeue is a temporary pilgrimage of between 6.9 miles between Southwark Park and Westminster Hall with a three mile zig-zagging park in the park. The location of importance in the hall is the body of Queen Elizabeth the Second.   ( Source )  It is interesting to note that the author of a paper " Pilgrims or Tourists ", the Christian Priest Frank Fahey states that "a pilgrim is always in danger of becoming a tourist" and vice versa. He identifies that...

What is one? A thunderstorm or lightning or electrical storm is known for its lightning (and that come descend or ascend in various forms and colours) and its audible noise. If the thunder is quieter, it may be known as a thundershower.  (https://scijinks.gov/thunderstorms-video/thunderstorm_video_poster.png)    What causes one? NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) found in the USA states that a thunderstorm needs "three things - moisture, rising unstable air (air that keeps rising once given a nudge) and a lifting mechanism to provide the nudge".  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6cwPfYaBtA) The sun heats the ground that warms the air above the warmed ground. If the air is "forced" to rise where warm and and cold air or wet and dry air "bumps" into each other and this causes the warm air "to rise as long as as it weighs less and stays warmer than the air around it".  "As a storm rises into freezing air, different ty...

 This summer has certainly shown us some warm days.  There were three different heatwaves during the summer of 2022.      June with European temperatures ranging from 40 - 43 degrees Centigrade (or 104 - 109 degrees Fahrenheit).      Mid July where UK temperatures went over 40 degrees Centigrade (104 degrees Fahrenheit) for the first time. The UK released a red warning for the heat.      In August, parts of France and Spain had temperatures reach as high as 38 degrees Centigrade (100 degrees Fahrenheit).  (https://suindependent.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Global-Heat-Wave-By-Jeff-Koterba.jpg)  Portugal had the highest temperature of 47.0 degrees Centigrade (116.6 degrees Fahrenheit) in Pinhão, Portugal.  Sadly with the heat comes heat stress and this leads to death.      Germany recorded the highest amount of heat related deaths with 8,318, Spain with 2,894, Portugal with 1,063 and the UK with 1...

 The Guardian newspaper reports in this article that over 1,000 lives have been lost and 33 million people have been displaced and injured since June. The number of people, reported by the National Disaster Management Authority (Pakistan) , that died on Sunday was 119 and from Friday to Saturday was 45 people. Daily Mail The cause of this loss of life and damage is thought to be climate change with other contributing factors such as "the vulnerability of the poor citizens, steep mountainous slopes in some regions, the unexpected destruction of embankments and dams, and some natural climate variation." Pakistan has had an unbroken cycle of monsoon rains for eight weeks and has left a lot of infrastructural damage and a third of the country is under water. It has been  reported , by the additional deputy commissioner of Swat, that roads over 130 kilometres (80 miles) had been damaged and 15 bridges were completely destroyed as the flood wreaked havoc and more than 100 houses a...

 As promised, here is the video of the tsunami & wave heights. It is from the Metaballs Studio Channel.  Tsunami and Wave Heights The Great Wave of Kanagawa by Katsushika Hokusai 1831 Here are the links to the Top 10 Natural Disasters and the hour long documentary of the Top 10 Natural  Disasters.

Taken from The Guardian Weekly 27/5/2022 May sees record-breaking temperatures of over 40C In Spain, parts of the country experienced the high temperatures of over 40 degrees Centigrade, it also brought hot dry air and dusty air from North Africa. Seville airport reached 41 degrees, Jaen in Andalucia got to 40.3 degrees. In August 2021, Montoro in Andalucia reached 47.4 degrees Centigrade  ( Lesson Thumbnail - Hot Weather Hot Clipart - Png Download (#1460025) - PinClipart ) Taken from The Guardian Weekly 22/4/2022 " Restraint of global heating is possible if all measures taken For the first time, the world is in a position to limit global warming below 2 degrees centigrade, according to the first in-depth analysis of the net zero pledges made by nations at the UN COP26 climate summit in December.  Before these pledges, a temperature rise above 2 degrees centigrade was almost inevitable, bringing more severe effects for billions of people.  Now it is more likely that the p...

 Taken from The Guardian Weekly (27th of May 2022), the United Nations Refugee Agency stated that the global number of "forcibly displaced people" has risen past the number of 100 million. Filippo Grandi, the United Nations for High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said that this should be a wake up call for the world.  In 2021, the figure was at 90 million due to conflicts in Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Myanmar and Nigeria. The figure has recently increased due to 8 million Ukrainians displaced due to the Ukrainian-Russian war.  ( The Ukrainian Week )

Taken from The Guardian Weekly 27th of May 2022: Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, a senior advisor for the World Health Organisation, said that the Monkey Pox could be contained. Public Health Authorities have reported cases in USA, Canada, Australia and nine European countries. It is said that the virus is spreading through sexual contact and case numbers are thought to increase over the summer.  (attockcitynews.com)  In Mozambique, a case of wild polio has been found in the Tete province. This is the first case since 1992 and the genetic sequencing of it seems to be similar to a strain Malawi found this year. The continent of Africa was declared free of wild polio in 2020.  (The Guardian Weekly 27th of May 2022).    Senegalese Mamou Tiang, who suffers from polio, begs for money outside a bank on a sidewalk in the capital Dakar.  Nic Bothma/EPA Africa is within reach of being declared a polio free region (theconversation.com)

 Reported in The Guardian Weekly (27th of May 2022) - the country Lithuania has asked for help from coalition countries to protect from the Russian troops or lift the blockade on Ukrainian grain exports. Gabrielius Landsbergis, the Lithuanian Foreign Minister, stated "It is imperative that we show vulnerable countries we are prepared to take steps the steps that are needed to feed the world." ( Gabrielius Landsbergis apie Skvernelio pasiūlymą dėl Astravo: tai rinkiminis žaidimas - DELFI ) This links to our Year 9 issue on conflict and food security.   

 Taken from an article in The Guardian Weekly  " Storm Megi kills 148 with many missing feared dead .  The death toll from landslides and floods in the Philippines rose to the 148 last week with scores missing and feared dead, official said, as rescuers dug up more bodies with bare hands and backhoes in crushed villages.  Most of the deaths from tropical storm Megi - the strongest to hit the archipelago this year - were in the central province of Leyte, where a series of landslides devastated communities.  Megi, which made landfall on 11th April with sustained winds of up to 65 kph and gusts of upto 80 kph, has since dissipated.  The disaster-prone region is regularly ravaged by storms with scientists warning they are becoming more powerful as the world gets warmer because of human-driven climate change." Video of Tropical Storm Megi - cyclone Megi Questions to be asked: Would the landslides have been less worse if there had been less deforestation (removal...

 Taken from The Guardian Weekly 22/4/2022 " Residues of sunscreen show up in Mediterranean seagrass Chemicals used in sunscreen lotions are accumulating in Mediterranean seagrass, a study has found.  Scientists discovered ultraviolet filters in the stems of Posidonia oceania , a seagrass species found on the coast of Mallorca and endemic to the Mediterranean Sea.  The researchers believe the contamination is the result of recreational activities and waste discharges in the tourist destination.  Varying concentrations of sunscreen components, including oxybenzone, benzylidene camphor,  and methyl parabens, were found in samples; while the full effects of the chemicals are unknown, the researchers are concerned about potential harmful effects." Questions to ask: What is meant by the term "endemic"? Why should we worry about contaminated seagrass, it's only at the bottom of the food chain? Have you heard about the Osprey and a pesticide called DDT?

 Dear Year 11,  (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Wheelabrator_Waste-to-Energy_Plant%2C_Saugus_MA.jpg) A Waste to Energy Incinerator Please look at the following videos that summarises the pre-release material.  Video by Mr. B.   A video of drone footage of Waterbeach, the village to the SSE (South South East) of the planned incinerator, and surrounding area.  I will also be posting my suggestions for the questions and the answers below. Mr. B. suggests three potential questions in his video - these are the nine mark long questions: 1) The incineration plant is a sustainable solution for dealing with present and future waste needs. - Discuss this statement referring to figure 3. (9) 2) Using figure 3 and and the waste hierarchy, justify your position on the government's decision to reject the proposed incineration plant. (9) 3) In 2020, the government rejected the proposed incineration plant near Waterbeach. To what extent do you agree with th...

 Natural hazards are sudden, severe events that make the natural environment difficult to manage. They are natural processes of the planet (be it atmospheric , flooding  or geological ) but since they disrupt human life  and have huge economic  and social impacts they become natural hazards .  Atmospheric hazards include: Blizzards, Droughts, Heatwaves, Lightning & Tornadoes.  Flooding hazards include: Glacial bursts & Storm Surges  Geological hazards include: Earthquakes, Landslides, Sink Holes & Volcanic Eruptions Atmospheric combined with Flooding include: Snow Storms, Thunder Storms & Tropical Storms Flooding combined with Geological include:  Avalanches & Tsunamis Geological combined with Atmospheric include: Ash or Pyroclastic Clouds Hazards that combine Atmospheric , Flooding and Geological are mud flows or lahars Hazard risk = the chance of being affected by a natural hazard e.g. the residents of New Orlean...

 These may help you to remember the key points of Geography or to help you answer the questions in a test or exam.  ( https://www.britannica.com/science/eyeball # /media/1/199358/157177)  S - Social - how does the geography you are studying or answering a question about relate to society and how we all, or maybe don't, get along.  E - Economic - how does the geography you are studying or answering a question about relate to money and how it is used or abused.  E - Environmental - how does the geography you are studying or answering a question about relate to the environment and how it is used or abused. (https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1442291928580-fb5d0856a8f1?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=MnwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1032&q=80)  The image of the cat should remind you of sentence starters that will help you in longer answer questions.  C - Consequently A - As a result of  T - Therefore T - This ...

These can be used for Year 11 and all the years below.  Learn them so that you understand what the question is asking you to do.  Assess  - Consider all the relevant factors or arguments and weigh them up so as to come to a conclusion about their effectiveness of validity.      e.g. - " Assess  how effective your presentation technique(s) were in representing the data collected in this enquiry." (6 marks)  Calculate  - Work out the value of something.     e.g. "Using Figure 7, calculate the increase in retail sales of Fairtrade bananas between 2000 and 2012." (1 mark)         Have you thought about the calculation? Have you included the £ sign or relevant measure? Compare  - describe similarities and differences     e.g. "Using Figure 4, compare  the HDI values in Africa and South America." (2 marks)         What is similar?         What i...